How about Odroid N2(Plus) as a host (linux, 4.9 kernel) or as a USB Gadget (with a somewhat working 5.x kernel)? It has a rather well performing onboard DAC, nevertheless it still has an I2S on the board exposed through J7:
https://wiki.odroid.com/odroid-n2/application_note/external_connector/7pin
The
datasheet also says:
It's well supported and recommended by KODI (CoreElec using 4.9 kernel), Volumio.
Moode unfortunately requires Raspberry OS explicitly. I am not aware of it running on other OSes. Has it been ported perhaps?
Kernels with good GPU and other drivers are 4.9. But has a recent kernel too:
https://forum.endeavouros.com/t/linux-odroid-is-in-the-aur/11415/20
Kernel wise slightly worse than the Rock*64 boards, but makes up with support from SW side.